Maize farmer preferences for intercropping systems to. The weed striga hermonthica has become a big problem and causes severe yield losses in the maize production. Striga is known as witch weed because plants diseased by striga display stunted growth and overall droughtlike phenotype long before striga plants appear nail et al. Evaluation of ecologies and severity of striga weed on. Farmers perspectives on the biotic constraint of striga. Striga infestation in sorghum is reported to be higher in nigeria than in other west african countries with about 80% 8. Control of witchweed striga hermonthica by intercropping. Problems and control of parasitic weeds in ethiopia.
Striga is a major constraint affecting sorghum, maize, other cereal crops, sugar cane and legume crops production in sub saharan africa. Means of biological control of weeds comprise herbivorous insects. The biology of striga, orobanche, and other rootparasitic. Proceedings of the second ethiopian weed science workshop. Witchweed national invasive species information center. A technical manual for parasitic weed research and extension. Understanding the effects of crop management practices on weed survival and seed production is imperative in improving longterm weed management strategies. It is an obligate parasite which is chlorophyllus but usually requires a host plant to complete its life cycle kim, 1994. Integrated management of parasitic plant striga hermonthica in maize.
Integrated weed management 112 croplife international. Controlling striga and other root parasites is difficult because the weed can do much damage to the host crop before emerging above the ground. Striga, a parasitic weed responsible for over 80% maize crop loss in western kenya. Striga weed is commonly known as witchweed or witches weed. Although the level of striga infestation and damage is. Fao plant production and protection paper 120, food and agriculture organization of the united. Management depends on use of resistant varieties and cultural control measures, including crop rotations, weeding, raising the fertility of soils and the use of trap crops. In addition, a series of bibliographies on striga, orobanche, and other parasitic weeds is being produced by the weed research organization at oxford, england. Weed striga and its host crop, a new dimension in allelochemistry, in. Striga, commonly known as witchweed, is a genus of parasitic plants that occur naturally in parts of africa, asia, and australia. Progress on management of parasitic weeds abuelgasim. Parasitic weeds of the families orobanchaceae aeginetia, orobanche, broomrape and. Review on striga weed management berhane sibhatu department of agronomy, ethiopian institute of agricultural research, mehoni agricultural research center abstract striga is a major constraint.
A sample of 120 maize farmers was selected through systematic random sampling procedure. Reviews on orobanche 79 and the orobanchaceae 5, have been pub lished in recent years. Secondary metabolites with striga seed germination stimulatory and postgermination. Your use of this pdf, the bioone complete website, and all posted and associated content indicates.
The weed is common in nyanza and western provinces. The attack of this weed causes a lot of economic losses. Options for striga management in kenya technical note series kalro. Review on striga weed management berhane sibhatu department of agronomy, ethiopian institute of agricultural research, mehoni agricultural research center abstractstrigais a major constraint. Ramaiah 2 abstract striga spp witchweeds, are notorious root hemiparasites on cereal and. This thesis presents a study on the quantification of seed bank dynamics of the parasitic weed striga. Weed control, integrated management, parasitic weed, population, sorghum, millet. This is an indication of poor linkage between research institutions and. The parasitic weed, striga asiatica, is a major biotic constraint and a serious threat to subsistence cereal crop productions especially in subsahara africa. Growth of the parasitic weed was almost completely suppressed, whereas extensive. Striga controltechnologies and their dissemination. Towards effective resistance to striga in african maize. In maize cropland alone, striga has infested about 2. In common with most other parasitic weeds, it is not especially invasive in natural.
Desmodium intercropping eliminates striga threat and. The economic consequences of striga hermonthica in maize. Hand pulling is the most common control measure used. As with all plant pathogens and noxious weeds, the movement and management of striga for research purposes must be done with care. The manual provides useful information on cropweed competition. Striga witchweed is one of the most important pests that affect food production in the tropics. For example striga densiflora is a parasitic weed of. From soil fertility management, pushpull intercropping and seed treatment to crop improvement, solutions exist. Integrated weed management systems in sorghum based. The organisation of the workshop on the biology and control of striga was made. Weed management for developing countries was published in the year 1994, and since that time developments in weed management have taken place mainly through the application of new approaches and methods, rather than the introduction of new herbicides weeds still represent an important constraint to crop production in the world. Witchweed striga hermonthica in sorghum and millet 1.
Witchweed, striga hermonthica hereafter, referred to as striga, is a major biotic constraint to cereal production in sub. Weed science assessment of management options on striga. Pdf striga is a major constraint affecting sorghum, maize, other cereal crops, sugar cane and legume crops production in sub saharan africa. Farmers knowledge, attitude, and perception of video. Genetic diversity of striga and implications for control 75 were compared to s. Herbicide seed treatments for control of purple witchweed striga. Weed management for developing countries was published in the year 1994, and since that time developments in weed management. It grows at the base of infected plants, where it parasitizes. Spraying for stemborer control with pesticides is not only expensive and harmful to the environment, but is also ineffective.
Striga striga asiatica, a parasitic weed inhibition by arbascular mycorrhizal fungi in sugarcane saccharum officinarum madhura a. The potential maize yield in the western kenya is 45. Genetic uniformity in an introduced population of witchweed striga asiatica in the united states. Video mediated learning on striga weed management 199 photo 1.
Notes on taxonomy and nomenclature top of page there are a number of possible origins of the name striga, deriving from latin words meaning striate, harshly hairy, lean or witch raynalroques and. Assessment of management options on striga infestation and maize grain yield in kenya fred kanampiu1, dan makumbi2, edna mageto3, gospel omanya4, sammy waruingi5, peter musyoka6. In southern africa the repeated cultivation of maize zea mays and climate variability especially frequent and extended droughts have created conditions favouring parasitic weed. Effectiveness of video mediated learning and farmer field. Prevention of seed production by striga by any means has a major effect on the control of this obnoxious weed. It is important to have a careful and clear risk assess. Ensure a weed free eld and remove any remaining striga weed. Striga is a parasitic weed which is popularly called witch weed attacking a wide range of crops such as cereals, legumes etc.
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